The Primary Cilium as the Cell's Antenna Signaling at a Sensory Organelle Science
This new appreciation of primary cilia as cellular antennae that sense a wide variety of signals could help explain why ciliary defects underlie such a wide range of human disorders, including retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects.
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After many years of research, we now know that this organelle (the primary cilium) is an important 'antenna' that helps cells to sense their surroundings. Associate Professor Tony Poole from the University of Otago has been trying to understand how the primary cilium works since the 1980s, using a variety of microscope techniques.
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How to Use an Outdoor Cellular Antenna and What It Does. An outdoor cellular antenna, also known as a "donor" antenna, attaches to a "cellular signal booster" to boost the signal. A 4G cellular antenna can capture any signal in its radiation pattern between the 698-2700 MHz range (specifically the 698-960 MHz and 1710-2700 MHz ranges).
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The primary cilium as the cell's antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle. Science 313 , 629-633 (2006). CAS PubMed Google Scholar
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This new appreciation of primary cilia as cellular antennae that sense a wide variety of signals could help explain why ciliary defects underlie such a wide range of human disorders, including retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects. Almost every vertebrate cell has a specialized cell surface projection called a primary cilium.
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Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are formed from a centriolar anchor, known as the basal body, and extend from the apical surface of most mammalian cells ().They have evolved to act as a cellular 'antenna' that receives diverse signals from the extracellular environment, including light, low molecular weight chemicals, proteins, and mechanical stimuli.
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Most of our cells contain an immobile primary cilium, an antenna used to transfer information from the surrounding environment. Some cells also have many mobile cilia that are used to generate.
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Is the Primary Cilium a Cell's Antenna or Its Brain. Almost every human cell has a little known structure called the primary cilium. It is similar to the well known motile cilia, but without special structures for movement. This solitary, unmoving structure, most often sticking out of cells, was considered a vestigial organ.
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Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are formed from a centriolar anchor, known as the basal body, and extend from the apical surface of most mammalian cells ( Box 1 ).
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Most modern cell phones have two cellular antennas. We've discussed previously antenna design for the primary cellular antenna . The second cellular antenna is the diversity antenna. This antenna typically does receive only.
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This paper illustrates a single antenna structure that simultaneously satisfies the antenna requirement for 5G cellular and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The antenna has a linearly polarised omnidirectional radiation for the newly defined 5G sub-6 GHz cellular bands in the 617-5000 MHz frequency range.
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This new appreciation of primary cilia as cellular antennae that sense a wide variety of signals could help explain why ciliary defects underlie such a wide range of human disorders, including retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects.
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From 1G to 5G sub-6 GHz, the main evolutions and challenges in antenna designs for cellular phones are principally driven by the "quantity increase", such as the band quantity increase and the antenna quantity increase. However, for cellular phone antenna designers, 5G mm-Wave antenna designs, instead, are radical changes or a revolution.
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A primary cilium is an antenna-like structure on the cell surface that plays a crucial role in sensory perception and signal transduction. Mitochondria, the 'powerhouse' of the cell, control.
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Primary Cilia: A Closer Look at the Antenna of Cells Summary A recent study reports the three-dimensional structure of a primary cilium with unprecedented clarity.
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A cell senses their surroundings through cilia, antenna-like structures that protrude from most vertebrate cells. Cilia enable cells to move, to communicate, and to interpret molecular signals. Inside a cilium is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton that is studied fairly well in motile cilia. The same is not true for primary cilia, which have long.